Title: Minihongo (EN) / 02 Grammar / 02 Verbs
Tags: Verbs

GrammarName: Four Forms
Example: 食(た)べる → 食(た)べた → 食(た)べない → 食(た)べなかった
ExampleTranslation: eat / ate / don't eat / didn't eat
Explanation: Four filters on any verb: る (present/future) / た (done) / ない (not) / なかった (wasn't). Like Instagram filters on a photo - the verb stays the same, you just change what surrounds it. Everything else layers on top of these four.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Category: Verbs

GrammarName: Four Forms
Example: 行(い)く → 行(い)った → 行(い)かない → 行(い)かなかった
ExampleTranslation: go / went / don't go / didn't go
Explanation: Four filters on any verb: る (present/future) / た (done) / ない (not) / なかった (wasn't). Like Instagram filters on a photo - the verb stays the same, you just change what surrounds it. Everything else layers on top of these four.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Category: Verbs

GrammarName: Four Forms
Example: する → した → しない → しなかった
ExampleTranslation: do / did / don't do / didn't do
Explanation: Four filters on any verb: る (present/future) / た (done) / ない (not) / なかった (wasn't). Like Instagram filters on a photo - the verb stays the same, you just change what surrounds it. Everything else layers on top of these four.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Category: Verbs

GrammarName: Four Forms
Example: 来(く)る → 来(き)た → 来(こ)ない → 来(こ)なかった
ExampleTranslation: come / came / don't come / didn't come
Explanation: Four filters on any verb: る (present/future) / た (done) / ない (not) / なかった (wasn't). Like Instagram filters on a photo - the verb stays the same, you just change what surrounds it. Everything else layers on top of these four.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Category: Verbs

GrammarName: Te-form: Action Chaining
Example: 書(か)く → 書(か)いて
ExampleTranslation: Write → writing (te-form).
Explanation: Chain actions in the order they happen. No "to", "by", or "with" needed - just stack verbs. Write, read, sleep = 書いて読んで寝た. One tense at the end only. Formation: く→いて, む→んで, つ→って, る→て.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Category: Verbs

GrammarName: Te-form: Action Chaining
Example: 飲(の)む → 飲(の)んで
ExampleTranslation: Drink → drinking (te-form).
Explanation: Chain actions in the order they happen. No "to", "by", or "with" needed - just stack verbs. Write, read, sleep = 書いて読んで寝た. One tense at the end only. Formation: く→いて, む→んで, つ→って, る→て.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Category: Verbs

GrammarName: Te-form: Action Chaining
Example: 待(ま)つ → 待(ま)って
ExampleTranslation: Wait → waiting (te-form).
Explanation: Chain actions in the order they happen. No "to", "by", or "with" needed - just stack verbs. Write, read, sleep = 書いて読んで寝た. One tense at the end only. Formation: く→いて, む→んで, つ→って, る→て.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Category: Verbs

GrammarName: Te-form: Action Chaining
Example: 食(た)べる → 食(た)べて
ExampleTranslation: Eat → eating (te-form).
Explanation: Chain actions in the order they happen. No "to", "by", or "with" needed - just stack verbs. Write, read, sleep = 書いて読んで寝た. One tense at the end only. Formation: く→いて, む→んで, つ→って, る→て.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Category: Verbs

GrammarName: Te-form: Action Chaining
Example: 書(か)いて 読(よ)んで 寝(ね)た。
ExampleTranslation: Wrote, read, slept. (one tense at the end)
Explanation: Chain actions in the order they happen. No "to", "by", or "with" needed - just stack verbs. Write, read, sleep = 書いて読んで寝た. One tense at the end only. Formation: く→いて, む→んで, つ→って, る→て.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Category: Verbs

GrammarName: Te-form Extensions
Example: 待(ま)ってください。
ExampleTranslation: Please wait.
Explanation: Layer more onto te-form. Request (+ください), ongoing right now (+いる), permission (+もいい), prohibition (+はいけない). Same te-form, different endings.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Category: Verbs

GrammarName: Te-form Extensions
Example: 今(いま) 読(よ)んでいる。
ExampleTranslation: I am reading now.
Explanation: Layer more onto te-form. Request (+ください), ongoing right now (+いる), permission (+もいい), prohibition (+はいけない). Same te-form, different endings.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Category: Verbs

GrammarName: Te-form Extensions
Example: 座(すわ)ってもいい？
ExampleTranslation: May I sit?
Explanation: Layer more onto te-form. Request (+ください), ongoing right now (+いる), permission (+もいい), prohibition (+はいけない). Same te-form, different endings.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Category: Verbs

GrammarName: Te-form Extensions
Example: 入(はい)ってはいけない。
ExampleTranslation: Must not enter.
Explanation: Layer more onto te-form. Request (+ください), ongoing right now (+いる), permission (+もいい), prohibition (+はいけない). Same te-form, different endings.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Category: Verbs

GrammarName: Potential Form
Example: 書(か)く → 書(か)ける
ExampleTranslation: Write → can write.
Explanation: Ability. る-verbs: drop る, add られる. Other verbs: え-row + る. する → できる.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Category: Verbs

GrammarName: Potential Form
Example: 見(み)る → 見(み)られる
ExampleTranslation: See → can see.
Explanation: Ability. る-verbs: drop る, add られる. Other verbs: え-row + る. する → できる.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Category: Verbs

GrammarName: Potential Form
Example: する → できる
ExampleTranslation: Do → can do.
Explanation: Ability. る-verbs: drop る, add られる. Other verbs: え-row + る. する → できる.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Category: Verbs

GrammarName: Please Don't
Example: 入(はい)らないでください。
ExampleTranslation: Please don't enter.
Explanation: Negative request. V-ない + で + ください. 入らないでください = please don't enter. 触らないでください = please don't touch.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Category: Verbs

GrammarName: Please Don't
Example: 手(て)で持(も)たないでください。
ExampleTranslation: Please don't hold it.
Explanation: Negative request. V-ない + で + ください. 入らないでください = please don't enter. 触らないでください = please don't touch.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Category: Verbs