Title: Minihongo (EN) / 02 Grammar / 09 Numbers & Counting
Tags: Numbers_&_Counting

GrammarName: Counting with つ
Example: 卵(たまご)を三(みっ)つください。
ExampleTranslation: Three eggs please.
Explanation: Count objects with つ. Readings are ALL irregular: 1=ひとつ 2=ふたつ 3=みっつ 4=よっつ 5=いつつ 6=むっつ 7=ななつ 8=やっつ 9=ここのつ. 10=とお (no つ!). Above 10 use plain numbers. Universal counter for any object.
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Category: Numbers & Counting

GrammarName: Counting with つ
Example: 魚(さかな)を二(ふた)つと卵(たまご)を五(いつ)つください。
ExampleTranslation: Two fish and five eggs please.
Explanation: Count objects with つ. Readings are ALL irregular: 1=ひとつ 2=ふたつ 3=みっつ 4=よっつ 5=いつつ 6=むっつ 7=ななつ 8=やっつ 9=ここのつ. 10=とお (no つ!). Above 10 use plain numbers. Universal counter for any object.
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Category: Numbers & Counting

GrammarName: Making Numbers
Example: 二(に)十(じゅう)人(にん)の人(ひと)が来(き)た。
ExampleTranslation: 20 people came. 二十 = 2x10 = 20. Pattern: digit + 十 + digit.
Explanation: Put a digit before 十 or 百. 二十 = 20. 三百 = 300. Chain them: 三百五十二 = 352. Pattern: [digit]百[digit]十[digit]. Sound changes before 百: 300=さんびゃく, 600=ろっぴゃく, 800=はっぴゃく. Tip: start by learning prices - you will hear numbers at every shop.
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Category: Numbers & Counting

GrammarName: Making Numbers
Example: これは三(さん)百(びゃく)五(ご)十(じゅう)二(に)です。
ExampleTranslation: This is 352. 三百五十二 = 3x100 + 5x10 + 2. Pattern: digit + 百 + digit + 十 + digit.
Explanation: Put a digit before 十 or 百. 二十 = 20. 三百 = 300. Chain them: 三百五十二 = 352. Pattern: [digit]百[digit]十[digit]. Sound changes before 百: 300=さんびゃく, 600=ろっぴゃく, 800=はっぴゃく. Tip: start by learning prices - you will hear numbers at every shop.
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Category: Numbers & Counting

GrammarName: Number Readings
Example: 四(し)月(がつ)に雨(あめ)が来(く)る。四(よ)時(じ)に会(あ)う。
ExampleTranslation: Rain comes in April (しがつ). Meet at 4 o'clock (よじ). 4 has two readings: し and よん. Tip: よん is safer in daily speech.
Explanation: 8 numbers always sound the same: いち(1) に(2) さん(3) ご(5) ろく(6) はち(8) じゅう(10) ひゃく(100). Only 3 have two readings: し/よん(4) しち/なな(7) く/きゅう(9). Tip: when unsure, use よん, なな, きゅう - they always work and are more common in daily speech. し can be confused with 死(death), so よん is safer.
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Category: Numbers & Counting

GrammarName: Number Readings
Example: 七(しち)月(がつ)は暑(あつ)い。七(なな)つの山(やま)が見(み)える。
ExampleTranslation: July (しちがつ) is hot. Seven mountains are visible (ななつ). 7 has two readings: しち and なな. Tip: なな is safer.
Explanation: 8 numbers always sound the same: いち(1) に(2) さん(3) ご(5) ろく(6) はち(8) じゅう(10) ひゃく(100). Only 3 have two readings: し/よん(4) しち/なな(7) く/きゅう(9). Tip: when unsure, use よん, なな, きゅう - they always work and are more common in daily speech. し can be confused with 死(death), so よん is safer.
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Category: Numbers & Counting

GrammarName: Counting with つ
Example: 卵(たまご)を八(やっ)つ買(か)った。
ExampleTranslation: I bought eight eggs.
Explanation: Count objects with つ. Readings are ALL irregular: 1=ひとつ 2=ふたつ 3=みっつ 4=よっつ 5=いつつ 6=むっつ 7=ななつ 8=やっつ 9=ここのつ. 10=とお (no つ!). Above 10 use plain numbers. Universal counter for any object.
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Category: Numbers & Counting

GrammarName: Counting with つ
Example: 卵(たまご)が十(とお)ある。全部(ぜんぶ)食(た)べた。
ExampleTranslation: There are ten eggs. I ate them all. (10 = とお - no つ!)
Explanation: Count objects with つ. Readings are ALL irregular: 1=ひとつ 2=ふたつ 3=みっつ 4=よっつ 5=いつつ 6=むっつ 7=ななつ 8=やっつ 9=ここのつ. 10=とお (no つ!). Above 10 use plain numbers. Universal counter for any object.
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Category: Numbers & Counting

GrammarName: Number Readings
Example: 九(く)月(がつ)から寒(さむ)くなる。九(きゅう)時(じ)に寝(ね)る。
ExampleTranslation: It gets cold from September (くがつ). I sleep at 9 (くじ). 9 has two readings: く and きゅう. Tip: きゅう is safer.
Explanation: 8 numbers always sound the same: いち(1) に(2) さん(3) ご(5) ろく(6) はち(8) じゅう(10) ひゃく(100). Only 3 have two readings: し/よん(4) しち/なな(7) く/きゅう(9). Tip: when unsure, use よん, なな, きゅう - they always work and are more common in daily speech. し can be confused with 死(death), so よん is safer.
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Category: Numbers & Counting

GrammarName: Number Readings
Example: これは三(さん)百(びゃく)。それは六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく)。あれは八(はっ)百(ぴゃく)。
ExampleTranslation: This is 300 (さんびゃく). That is 600 (ろっぴゃく). That is 800 (はっぴゃく). 百 changes sound after 3, 6, and 8.
Explanation: 8 numbers always sound the same: いち(1) に(2) さん(3) ご(5) ろく(6) はち(8) じゅう(10) ひゃく(100). Only 3 have two readings: し/よん(4) しち/なな(7) く/きゅう(9). Tip: when unsure, use よん, なな, きゅう - they always work and are more common in daily speech. し can be confused with 死(death), so よん is safer.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Category: Numbers & Counting